Comprehensive List of Linux Commands

File and Directory Operations

• pwd – Print working directory (current directory).
• ls – List directory contents.
• cd – Change directory.
• mkdir – Create a new directory.
• rmdir – Remove an empty directory.
• rm – Remove files or directories.
• cp – Copy files or directories.
• mv – Move or rename files or directories.
• touch – Create an empty file or update a file’s timestamp.
• cat – Concatenate and display file contents.

File Search and Text Processing

• find – Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
• locate – Find files by name using a pre-built database.
• grep – Search for patterns within files.
• awk – Pattern scanning and text processing.
• sed – Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.
• cut – Remove sections from each line of files.

Process Management

• ps – Report a snapshot of current processes.
• top – Display Linux tasks.
• htop – Interactive process viewer.
• kill – Terminate a process by its PID.
• jobs – List active jobs.
• nice – Start a program with modified scheduling priority.

System Monitoring

• df – Report file system disk space usage.
• du – Estimate file space usage.
• free – Display free and used memory.
• uptime – Tell how long the system has been running.

Network Management

• ping – Test the reachability of a networked host.
• ifconfig – Configure network interfaces.
• ip – Show/manipulate routing, devices, and tunnels.
• wget – Download files from the web.
• curl – Transfer data from or to a server.

User and Group Management

• useradd – Create a new user.
• usermod – Modify a user account.
• passwd – Change user password.
• groups – Show which groups a user is part of.
• su – Switch user.